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health:water-filtration
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health:water-filtration [2019/05/06 21:02] marcos [consumer products] |
health:water-filtration [2021/11/16 04:03] (current) marcos |
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| - | ==== motive ==== | + | |
| + | ~~META: | ||
| + | title = DIY Water Filtration | ||
| + | ~~ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====== Water Filtration ====== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== motive ===== | ||
| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30326398\\ | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30326398\\ | ||
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| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26313703\\ | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26313703\\ | ||
| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20183522 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20183522 | ||
| - | ==== method ==== | + | |
| + | ===== method ===== | ||
| To filter tap water, you can buy tea bags and fill them with a mix of the following:\\ | To filter tap water, you can buy tea bags and fill them with a mix of the following:\\ | ||
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| HOCl + NH2Cl « NHCl2 + H2O\\ | HOCl + NH2Cl « NHCl2 + H2O\\ | ||
| HOCl + NHCl2 « NCl3 + H2O\\ | HOCl + NHCl2 « NCl3 + H2O\\ | ||
| - | Since these reactions are in equilibrium, it is possible that free chlorine will be present under certain conditions of pH, temperature and the ratio of chlorine to nitrogen. Free chlorine will degrade an ion exchange resin. This occurs primarily via decrosslinking in a cation resin and defunctionalization in an anion resin. In addition to the free chlorine that is formed when the equilibrium is shifted on these equations, the chloramines, while less oxidative than chlorine, will oxidize the anion resin functional group. Chloramines and free chlorine should be removed prior to ion exchange resin beds. Degradation products of these reactions include ammonia, hydrochloric acid, nitrogen, and in the case of anion resin oxidation - trimethylamine. The ionic species will likely be removed from the water by the downstream ion exchange resin and seldom have an impact on product water quality." [[https://dowac.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/466/~/dow-ion-exchange-resins---chloramine | Source]] | + | Since these reactions are in equilibrium, it is possible that free chlorine will be present under certain conditions of pH, temperature and the ratio of chlorine to nitrogen. Free chlorine will degrade an ion exchange resin. This occurs primarily via decrosslinking in a cation resin and defunctionalization in an anion resin. In addition to the free chlorine that is formed when the equilibrium is shifted on these equations, the chloramines, while less oxidative than chlorine, will oxidize the anion resin functional group. Chloramines and free chlorine should be removed prior to ion exchange resin beds. Degradation products of these reactions include ammonia, hydrochloric acid, nitrogen, and in the case of anion resin oxidation - trimethylamine. The ionic species will likely be removed from the water by the downstream ion exchange resin and seldom have an impact on product water quality." [[https://water.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/466/~/dow-ion-exchange-resins---chloramine |Source]] |
| "If water is held in the carbon block for longer period, microorganisms can grow inside which results in fouling and contamination. Silver nanoparticles are excellent anti-bacterial material and they can decompose toxic halo-organic compounds such as pesticides into non-toxic organic products." [[http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11051-005-7523-5|Source]] | "If water is held in the carbon block for longer period, microorganisms can grow inside which results in fouling and contamination. Silver nanoparticles are excellent anti-bacterial material and they can decompose toxic halo-organic compounds such as pesticides into non-toxic organic products." [[http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11051-005-7523-5|Source]] | ||
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| Update: I spent a week in Somersworth, NH, and the tap water quality is horrible, in terms of a TDS reading of 150ppm, compared with nyc 40ppm. A single tea bag filter (working with the pump) was only good for purifying 6 liters of water to 1ppm. After that, the next 6 liters went no lower than 82ppm. I continued filtration with an unused filter. | Update: I spent a week in Somersworth, NH, and the tap water quality is horrible, in terms of a TDS reading of 150ppm, compared with nyc 40ppm. A single tea bag filter (working with the pump) was only good for purifying 6 liters of water to 1ppm. After that, the next 6 liters went no lower than 82ppm. I continued filtration with an unused filter. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Update: If you want to remove flouride, a TDS meter will not be that helpful, because flouride is added to water at 1ppm. The TDS meter does not have enough resolution to estimate the percentage of flouride that is removed by your filter. | ||
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| - | ==== consumer products ==== | + | ===== consumer products ===== |
| - | === zero water filter === | + | ==== zero water filter ==== |
| " The problem with the Zero unit, you see, is that pure water seeks to become contaminated. It will hungrily absorb CO2 from the atmosphere, forming carbonic acid, as well as any contaminants in the air. More dangerous is the fact that the Zero Water Filter removes 100% of the chlorine form the water. If your municipality did that, your community would suffer another yellow fever, legionella or other bacterial/viral disease outbreak. | " The problem with the Zero unit, you see, is that pure water seeks to become contaminated. It will hungrily absorb CO2 from the atmosphere, forming carbonic acid, as well as any contaminants in the air. More dangerous is the fact that the Zero Water Filter removes 100% of the chlorine form the water. If your municipality did that, your community would suffer another yellow fever, legionella or other bacterial/viral disease outbreak. | ||
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| The purification technology in this unit itself is sound, but the product has no technology to keep the water pure once it is made so. In water treatment science it is more expensive to keep water pure than it is to make it pure. I am willing to bet that if you do not sterilize your pitcher daily, you have bacteria growing in the system. " [[http://wateristhenewgold.com/zero-water-filters-danger-will-robinson |source]] | The purification technology in this unit itself is sound, but the product has no technology to keep the water pure once it is made so. In water treatment science it is more expensive to keep water pure than it is to make it pure. I am willing to bet that if you do not sterilize your pitcher daily, you have bacteria growing in the system. " [[http://wateristhenewgold.com/zero-water-filters-danger-will-robinson |source]] | ||
| - | === bacterial load === | + | ==== bacterial load ==== |
| - | + | ||
| - | Since you will more often discard an "ion-exchange + carbon tea bag" than a "zero water carafe + cartridge", maintaining sanitation is easier with tea bags (see above "method"). A glass jar is easy to maintain sanitary. However, I haven't been cleaning the water pump described in "method" above. In any case, I'm not a germ-o-phobe. We live in constant contact with germs. | + | |
| In order to reduce the bacterial load on a filter cartridge, it's best to have a large family that will use up its filtering capacity quickly (so that the water filter gets replaced frequently). | In order to reduce the bacterial load on a filter cartridge, it's best to have a large family that will use up its filtering capacity quickly (so that the water filter gets replaced frequently). | ||
| + | |||
| + | Comparing the "zero water filter" with the "ion-exchange + carbon tea bag" (see section "method" above):\\ | ||
| + | Since you will more often discard a tea bag than a larger filter cartridge, maintaining sanitation of the filter media is easier with tea bags. A glass jar is also easier to maintain sanitary, compared to a plastic carafe. The only weakness in filtering with a tea bag is the need for a small water pump. | ||
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| + | ===== maintaining water purity after filtration ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Pure water will strongly attract any impurity, including contaminants in the air. In order to keep purified water pure, after being transferred out of the filter, you should continue to keep it in a glass container with a sealed lid. Another option is to dirty the water so it is no longer pure! Add some lemon juice, tea, cinnamon sticks or cloves. | ||
| + | |||
| ==== boiling pure water ==== | ==== boiling pure water ==== | ||
| - | You can use a stainless steel tea kettle to boil the water, as stainless steel is [[https://www.quora.com/How-do-metals-react-with-distilled-water |highly unreactive]]. | + | It's not advisable to boil pure water, because it will become contaminated quickly. If you must, you can use a stainless steel tea kettle to boil the water, as stainless steel is [[https://www.quora.com/How-do-metals-react-with-distilled-water |highly unreactive]]. |
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| - | ==== demineralization controversy ==== | + | ===== demineralization controversy ===== |
| Demineralized water has been claimed to have negative health effects because of a reduction in beneficial minerals. | Demineralized water has been claimed to have negative health effects because of a reduction in beneficial minerals. | ||
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| - | ==== fluoride controversy ==== | + | ===== fluoride controversy ===== |
| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3491930\\ | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3491930\\ | ||
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| - | ==== water pH ==== | + | ===== water pH ===== |
| + | |||
| + | Should drinking water be at a certain pH? Well, I'm taking the pH out and making it completely neutral with the ion exchange resins. There is some marketing fad to sell alkaline water. If it's supposed to be basic, then I've got that covered because I brush my teeth with baking soda. The food you eat will have so much more ions in it than the trace amounts in water. Does it matter that it goes in with the wrong pH, if it quickly gets mixed up with the food in your belly? | ||
| - | Should drinking water be at a certain pH? Well, I'm taking the pH out and making it completely neutral with the ion exchange resins. If it's supposed to be basic, then I've got that covered because I brush my teeth with baking soda. The food you eat will have so much more ions in it than the trace amounts in water. Does it matter that it goes in with the wrong pH, if it quickly gets mixed up with the food in your belly? If you know better, let me know, but I'm not going to look into it. | + | Related article: [[https://www.healthline.com/health/food-nutrition/alkaline-water-benefits-risks |Alkaline Water: Benefits and Risks, healthline.com 20190530]] |
health/water-filtration.1557176550.txt.gz · Last modified: 2019/07/06 13:25 (external edit)
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